Discrete Event Systems
The research group FGDES develops methods for the analysis and sythnesis of discrete-event systems with a particular focus on modular and/or hierarchical architectures. Here, discrete-event systems are dynamical systems with a finite-range state variable. Prototypical application domains are so called “men made systems”, e.g., for automated manufacturing or logistics, which by construction can be adequately represented by discrete-event models.
Contact
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Moor
Tel.: +49 9131 85-27129
E-Mail | FGDES Homepage
How to generate a PLC-program that operates the plant? The laboratory model below represents a flexible manufacturing system. It consists of 29 interacting electro-mechanical components (conveyor belts, pusher, stack-feeder etc.), equipped with 25 actuators (DC-motors) and 57 sensors (key-switches, inductive sensors). The traditional engineering solution to operate the manufacturing system is to program a logic controller (PLC) such that it activates the appropriate motors in reaction on sensor events. This approach crucially relies on the programmer, who must consider any possible configuration of the system. While methods from software engineering assist the programmer and increase productivity, the process by principle remains error prone and unsafe.
Control Theory for Discrete Event Systems! The manufacturing system can be formally modelled as a discrete-event system (DES). In contrast to continuous states and continuous time used in physically motivated models, discrete-event systems are characterized by discrete and qualitative changes of (symbolic) state values caused by the occurrence of asynchronous discrete events. In the context of our example, the control theoretic perspective on this system class is of a particular interest: given the formal model of the manufacturing system (plant dynamics) and the desired behaviour (formal specification), how can one systematically derive the required PLC program (controller dynamics) that makes ends meet?
Supervisory control theory (SCT) is a framework that provides an answer to the above question, first proposed by P.J. Ramadge and W.M. Wonham in the late 1980s. Since then, many researchers have contributed, including our group, with a particular focus on hierarchical, decentralized and/or modular control system architectures. At the time of writing, the required controller dynamics for systems of the complexity as our laboratory model can be synthesised easily by methods from supervisory control theory. Ongoing projects address the integration of synthesis algorithms with the work-flow of PLC programming, open questions related to fault detection and diagnosis, as well as network implementations of distributed supervision.
Further Directions: The research group FGDES provides the software tools libFAUDES, DESTool, CompileDES and FlexFact via the FGDES homepage.
Selected publications
Since 2022
- Tang, Y., & Moor, T. (2022). Compositional Verification of Non-Blockingness with Prioritised Events. In IFAC PAPERSONLINE (pp. 236-243). Prague, CZ: AMSTERDAM: ELSEVIER.
- Triska, L., & Moor, T. (2022). Abstraction Based Supervisory Control for Non-Regular ∗-Languages. In Proceedings of the 16th IFAC Workshop on Discrete Event Systems. Prag, CZ.
- Tang, Y., & Moor, T. (2022). Compositional Verification of Non-Blockingness with Prioritised Events. In IFAC PAPERSONLINE (pp. 236-243). Prague, CZ: AMSTERDAM: ELSEVIER.
- Triska, L., & Moor, T. (2022). Abstraction Based Supervisory Control for Non-Regular ∗-Languages. In Proceedings of the 16th IFAC Workshop on Discrete Event Systems. Prag, CZ.
2021
- Triska, L., & Moor, T. (2021). Behaviour equivalent max-plus automata for timed petri nets under open-loop race-policy semantics. Discrete Event Dynamic Systems: Theory and Applications, Topical Collection on Control 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10626-021-00346-0
- Tang, Y., & Moor, T. (2021). Compositional Verification of Finite Automata under Event Preemption. In 2021 60TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) (pp. 301-308). , ELECTR NETWORK: NEW YORK: IEEE.
- Triska, L., & Moor, T. (2021). Behaviour equivalent max-plus automata for timed petri nets under open-loop race-policy semantics. Discrete Event Dynamic Systems: Theory and Applications, Topical Collection on Control 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10626-021-00346-0
- Tang, Y., & Moor, T. (2021). Compositional Verification of Finite Automata under Event Preemption. In 2021 60TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) (pp. 301-308). , ELECTR NETWORK: NEW YORK: IEEE.
2020
- Triska, L., & Moor, T. (2020). Behaviour Equivalent Max-Plus Automata for a Class of Timed Petri Nets. In 15th IFAC Workshop on Discrete Event Systems. Rio de Janeiro, BR.
- Wang, X., Moor, T., & Li, Z. (2020). Top-Down Nested Supervisory Control of State-Tree Structures Based on State Aggregations. In IFAC PAPERSONLINE (pp. 11175-11180). AMSTERDAM: ELSEVIER.
- Schmuck, A.-K., Moor, T., & Schmidt, K.W. (2020). A Reactive Synthesis Approach to Supervisory Control of Terminating Processes. In IFAC PAPERSONLINE (pp. 2149-2156). AMSTERDAM: ELSEVIER.
- Yang, J.-M., Moor, T., & Raisch, J. (2020). Refinements of behavioural abstractions for the supervisory control of hybrid systems. Discrete Event Dynamic Systems-Theory and Applications. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10626-020-00315-z
- Moor, T., Schmidt, K.W., & Schmuck, A.-K. (2020). An Efficient Algorithm for the Computation of the Controllability Prefix of (*)-Languages. In IFAC PAPERSONLINE (pp. 2122-2129). AMSTERDAM: ELSEVIER.
- Triska, L., & Moor, T. (2020). Behaviour Equivalent Max-Plus Automata for a Class of Timed Petri Nets. In 15th IFAC Workshop on Discrete Event Systems. Rio de Janeiro, BR.
- Wang, X., Moor, T., & Li, Z. (2020). Top-Down Nested Supervisory Control of State-Tree Structures Based on State Aggregations. In IFAC PAPERSONLINE (pp. 11175-11180). AMSTERDAM: ELSEVIER.
- Schmuck, A.-K., Moor, T., & Schmidt, K.W. (2020). A Reactive Synthesis Approach to Supervisory Control of Terminating Processes. In IFAC PAPERSONLINE (pp. 2149-2156). AMSTERDAM: ELSEVIER.
- Yang, J.-M., Moor, T., & Raisch, J. (2020). Refinements of behavioural abstractions for the supervisory control of hybrid systems. Discrete Event Dynamic Systems-Theory and Applications. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10626-020-00315-z
- Moor, T., Schmidt, K.W., & Schmuck, A.-K. (2020). An Efficient Algorithm for the Computation of the Controllability Prefix of (*)-Languages. In IFAC PAPERSONLINE (pp. 2122-2129). AMSTERDAM: ELSEVIER.
2019
- Schmuck, A.-K., Moor, T., & Majumdar, R. (2019). On the relation between reactive synthesis and supervisory control of non-terminating processes. Discrete Event Dynamic Systems-Theory and Applications. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10626-019-00299-5
- Wang, X., Li, Z., & Moor, T. (2019). SCT-based priority-free conditionally-preemptive scheduling of modular real-time systems with exact task execution time. Discrete Event Dynamic Systems-Theory and Applications. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10626-019-00288-8
- Schmuck, A.-K., Moor, T., & Majumdar, R. (2019). On the relation between reactive synthesis and supervisory control of non-terminating processes. Discrete Event Dynamic Systems-Theory and Applications. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10626-019-00299-5
- Wang, X., Li, Z., & Moor, T. (2019). SCT-based priority-free conditionally-preemptive scheduling of modular real-time systems with exact task execution time. Discrete Event Dynamic Systems-Theory and Applications. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10626-019-00288-8
2018 and earlier
- Bai, X., & Moor, T. (2017). Consistent abstractions for the supervision of sequential behaviours. In Proceedings of the 56nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.
- Agethen, C., & Moor, T. (2015). A hierarchical and modular control architecture for sequential behaviours. Discrete Event Dynamic Systems: Theory and Applications, 25, 95-124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10626-014-0182-x
- Moor, T., Schmidt, K.W., & Schmidt, K. (2015). Fault-tolerant control of discrete-event systems with lower-bound specifications. In Proceedings of the 5th IFAC International Workshop on Dependable Control of Discrete Systems, DCDS 2015 (pp. 161-166).
- Moor, T., Schmidt, K., & Wittmann, T.K. (2011). Abstraction-based control for not necessarily closed behaviours. In Proceedings of the 18th IFAC World Congress (pp. 6988-6993). Milano, IT.
- Schmidt, K., Moor, T., & Perk, S. (2008). Nonblocking hierarchical control of decentralized discrete event systems. IEEETransactions on Automatic Control, 53(10), 2252-2265. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.2008.2006817
- Bai, X., & Moor, T. (2017). Consistent abstractions for the supervision of sequential behaviours. In Proceedings of the 56nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.
- Agethen, C., & Moor, T. (2015). A hierarchical and modular control architecture for sequential behaviours. Discrete Event Dynamic Systems: Theory and Applications, 25, 95-124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10626-014-0182-x
- Moor, T., Schmidt, K.W., & Schmidt, K. (2015). Fault-tolerant control of discrete-event systems with lower-bound specifications. In Proceedings of the 5th IFAC International Workshop on Dependable Control of Discrete Systems, DCDS 2015 (pp. 161-166).
- Moor, T., Schmidt, K., & Wittmann, T.K. (2011). Abstraction-based control for not necessarily closed behaviours. In Proceedings of the 18th IFAC World Congress (pp. 6988-6993). Milano, IT.
- Schmidt, K., Moor, T., & Perk, S. (2008). Nonblocking hierarchical control of decentralized discrete event systems. IEEETransactions on Automatic Control, 53(10), 2252-2265. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.2008.2006817
A more comprehensive list is given on the FGDES homepage.